Bio-Assessment of RISK in Long-Term Manned Space Exploration -Cell Death Factors in Space Radiation and/or Microgravity: A Review-

Hideyuki J. Majima; Hiroko P. Indo; Kazuo Tomita; Yoichiro Iwashita; Hiromi Suzuki; Daisuke Masuda; Toru Shimazu; Fumiaki Tanigaki; Sayaka Umemura; Sachiko Yano; Kei Fukui; Akira Higashibata; Takashi Q Yamazaki; Masaki Kameyama; Shigeaki Suenaga; Tsuyoshi Sato; Hsiu-Chuan Yen; Oleg Gusev; Takashi Okuda; Hirofumi Matsui; Toshihiko Ozawa; Noriaki Ishioka

doi:10.2187/bss.23.43

Hideyuki J. Majima, Hiroko P. Indo, Kazuo Tomita, Yoichiro Iwashita, Hiromi Suzuki, Daisuke Masuda, Toru Shimazu, Fumiaki Tanigaki, Sayaka Umemura, Sachiko Yano, Kei Fukui, Akira Higashibata, Takashi Q Yamazaki, Masaki Kameyama, Shigeaki Suenaga, Tsuyoshi Sato, Hsiu-Chuan Yen, Oleg Gusev, Takashi Okuda, Hirofumi Matsui, Toshihiko Ozawa, Noriaki Ishioka

Author information

Hideyuki J. Majima
Department of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
Space Environmental Medicine,Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
ISS Science Project Office, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
Hiroko P. Indo
Department of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
Kazuo Tomita
Department of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
Yoichiro Iwashita
Department of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
Hiromi Suzuki
Space Environmental Medicine,Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
Life Science Research Group, Department of Science and Applications, Japan Space Forum, Chiyoda, Tokyo100-0004, Japan
Daisuke Masuda
Space Environmental Medicine,Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
Utilization & Engineering Department, Japan Manned Space Systems Corporation, Thuchiura, Ibaraki 300-0033, Japan
Toru Shimazu
Life Science Research Group, Department of Science and Applications, Japan Space Forum, Chiyoda, Tokyo100-0004, Japan
Fumiaki Tanigaki
Space Environment Utilization Center, Human Space System and Utilization Mission Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
Sayaka Umemura
Space Environment Utilization Center, Human Space System and Utilization Mission Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
Sachiko Yano
Space Environment Utilization Center, Human Space System and Utilization Mission Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
Kei Fukui
Life Science Research Group, Department of Science and Applications, Japan Space Forum, Chiyoda, Tokyo100-0004, Japan
Akira Higashibata
Space Environmental Medicine,Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
Department of Space Biology and Microgravity Sciences, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
Takashi Q Yamazaki
ISS Science Project Office, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
Masaki Kameyama
Physiology,Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
Shigeaki Suenaga
Department of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
Tsuyoshi Sato
Department of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
Hsiu-Chuan Yen
Institute of Medical Technology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
Oleg Gusev
Anhydrobiosis Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
Takashi Okuda
Space Environmental Medicine,Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
Anhydrobiosis Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
Hirofumi Matsui
Division of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Toshihiko Ozawa
Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama College of Pharmacy, Totsuka 245-0066 Japan
Noriaki Ishioka
Space Environmental Medicine,Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
Department of Space Biology and Microgravity Sciences, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

2009 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 43-53

DOI https://doi.org/10.2187/bss.23.43

Details

Abstract

One major concern regarding long-term manned space missions is the effect of accumulative doses of space radiation (the mean daily dose is 0.2 ∼ 1 mSv). Such missions will inevitably expose astronauts to significant doses, and thus are expected to increase the risks of radiation-related carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, and lifespan changes. These effects occur by nuclear and cytosol dysfunction, mitochondrial damage, and particular changes in signal transduction or protein synthesis. In addition, microgravity may affect cellular metabolisms, signal transduction, etc., and might lead to synergistic effects with space radiation, which could result in further risk. Because these effects will almost certainly involve cellular signaling, transcriptomics and proteomics will be powerful tools in their analysis. In order to suitably respond to all these risks, both protective measures based on physical and biological principles, and effective intra-flight assessment of the levels of radiation exposure will be required. In this article, the categories of cell death-i.e., apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy-and the recent studies on these mechanisms are reviewed.

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