Gene therapy for advanced breast cancer is anticipated to be a useful therapeutic approach. Strategies in ongoing clinical protocols can be divided into four groups:(1)suppression of oncogenes or transfer of tumor-suppressor genes;(2)enhancement of immunological response;(3)transfer of suicide genes;(4)protection of bone marrow using drug resistance genes. We have started a clinical study of multidrug resistance(MDR1)gene therapy. Advanced breast cancer patients received high dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(PBSCT)with MDR1-transduced hematopoietic cells, and then were treated with docetaxel. Two patients have been treated so far, and in vivo enrichment of MDR1-transduced cells with docetaxel treatment has been seen. Both patients are in complete remission and had no apparent adverse effects from the MDR1 gene transfer.

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