Microstructure and formation conditions of the reddish hi-iro marking on traditional Japanese ceramics

Yoshihiro KUSANO; Teruaki DANNO; Keiko TOKUNAGA; Nobuaki KAMOCHI; Hideki HASHIMOTO; Makoto NAKANISHI; Tatsuo FUJII; Minoru FUKUHARA; Jun TAKADA

doi:10.2109/jcersj2.119.942

Papers

Microstructure and formation conditions of the reddish hi-iro marking on traditional Japanese ceramics

Yoshihiro KUSANO, Teruaki DANNO, Keiko TOKUNAGA, Nobuaki KAMOCHI, Hideki HASHIMOTO, Makoto NAKANISHI, Tatsuo FUJII, Minoru FUKUHARA, Jun TAKADA

Author information

Yoshihiro KUSANO
Department of Fine and Applied Arts, College of the Arts, Kurashiki University of Science and the Arts
Teruaki DANNO
Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
Keiko TOKUNAGA
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Nobuaki KAMOCHI
Saga Ceramics Research Laboratory
Hideki HASHIMOTO
Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
Makoto NAKANISHI
Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
Tatsuo FUJII
Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
Minoru FUKUHARA
Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University of Science
Jun TAKADA
Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University

Keywords: Traditional ceramics, Reddish color, Microstructure, Hematite, Corundum, Hi-iro

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

2011 Volume 119 Issue 1396 Pages 942-946

DOI https://doi.org/10.2109/jcersj2.119.942

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Abstract

The microstructure and conditions for the formation of the reddish color referred to as hi-iro on Japanese ceramics were investigated through model experiments. The hi-iro marking was found to be formed by the reaction between clay and alkali ions supplied from the glaze. When a mixture of porcelain clay and 20 wt % KCl was heated in air at 1250°C and then cooled slowly to 800°C, hi-iro clearly appeared on the sample surface. In hi-iro, corundum [α-(Al,Fe)₂O₃], hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) and a liquid phase are formed. Upon heating until 1250°C, corundum is firstly precipitated as hexagonal plate-like crystals. During the cooling process, hematite precipitates on the edges of the corundum crystals to form specific composite particles. When rapidly cooled from 1250°C to room temperature, a brownish red color appeared on the sample surface, which was found to be caused by the formation of approximately 50 µm Al-substituted hematite (Fe_1.9Al_0.1O₃) particles. The relationship between the microstructure of the phases formed and the color is discussed.

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