The formation of ordered dewetted patterns of organic materials on substrates is described. The driving force for dewetting is the interfacial tension between substrate and organic solution. The observed regular order of the formed microdroplets, or “microdomes” can be explained by so-called dissipative structures, a concept developed by Ilya Prigogine. The apparent violation of the second law of thermodynamics (which should prohibit formation of ordered structures from isotropic solution) can be explained by the overall increase of the entropy by the evaporating solvent. The role of the substrate in the formation of ordered dewetted microstructures will be discussed briefly. In the second part of this paper examples for the application of dewetted microstructures in the field of photonics will be given. Special emphasis will be made not only for polymeric but also for low molar mass compounds.