Although the dynamic behavior of reactant molecules adsorbed on catalyst surfaces can be monitored by several spectroscopic methods, dynamic structural changes in solid catalysts themselves have not been studied. Recent developments in in-situ time-resolved XAFS techniques enabledthe study on structural kinetics of catalytically active structures, which shows the roles of catalysts in catalysis. In this paper, recent in-situ time-resolved XAFS studies on catalysis at solid surfaces are introduced.