Mössbauer spectroscopy is a powerful and well established method for wide variety areas of researches, such as physical-, chemical-, biological-, and earth-sciences. One of the most outstanding features of this method is that element specific measurement is possible. Particularly, by using synchrotron radiation, we can measure Mössbauer effect without preparing radioactive Mössbauer sources and, therefore, element specific measurement is attained. Moreover, the use of synchrotron radiation allows us to measure element- and site-specific phonon density of states. In this article, the concept of the Mössbauer spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation and nuclear resonant inelastic scattering spectroscopy is reviewed. In particular, a new method that gives absorption Mössbauer spectra using synchrotron radiation and is applicable for almost all the Mössbauer nuclides is introduced. The features of these methods for the study of condensed matter science including surface science are discussed.