Living organisms produce a wide variety of materials at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Moreover, each produced material plays a key role in each function in biological systems. “Biomimetic materials processing (BMMP)” is defined as the design and synthesis of new functional materials by refining knowledge and understanding of related biological products, structures, functions and processes. Hence the BMMP is not a simple imitation of biological materials processes, but is advanced materials processing for bionics, electronics, photonics, mechatronics and so on. By means of this BMMP we can prepare “biomimetic materials” or more widely “bioinspired materials”. We can also prepare “biomimetic surfaces” or “bioinspired surfaces” by using the BMMP concept.