In order to prevent railway accidents and accidents at crossings from occurring due to human error, and to strive for even greater improvement in safety in railway operation, RTRI psychology and ergonomics staff are engaged in research and development in their respective fields of responsibility. The review summarizes what the staff studied from actual accidents, what methods they used to achieve the results of their research, or used to try to achieve those results. In the references, only literature published in English is given.