The authors performed shaking table tests to evaluate the aseismic performance of ballasted track by using full-scale models. The test results showed that in the case of ballasted track with no countermeasures, the amplitude of lateral displacement and the residual displacement increased because the lateral resistance of ballasted track significantly decreased when the earthquake acceleration acting on the ballasted track exceeded around 800 gals. Furthermore, the authors concluded that the decrease in lateral ballast resistance force could be prevented by applying adequate countermeasures against track buckling.