Rechargeable lithium batteries are very attractive as a high-energy power source. This is due to the high voltage property of these batteries. Such high voltage is accomplished through the use of a strong oxidant and reductant. The result is the oxidative or reductive decomposition of electrolytes. In conventional batteries, these undesirable reactions have to be suppressed to obtain high reliability and safety. For this purpose, interfaces between electrolytes and cathode or anode materials should be controlled artificially. Especially, dynamic control is strongly needed because the discharge/charge cycle is repeated many times. In this report, some dynamic and artificial control methods for interfaces are introduced from the viewpoint of a surface chemistry in the development of rechargeable lithium batteries.