In spite of the long research history of Nd-Fe-B magnets, the understanding of the microstructure-coercivity relationships is not sufficient because of the difficulty of high quality microscopy work due to the strong oxidation tendency of Nd-rich phases during microscopy specimen preparation processes. In this paper, we review recent investigations on the microstructure-coercivity relationships using scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and laser assisted three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) and discuss how to enhance the coercivity of Nd-Fe-B anisotropic magnets without using Dy.